Drawing ink first appeared in China, about 3,000 BCE. This early ink was a combination of pinewood smoke, lamp oil, and gelatin from animal skins. Since then, art inks have been made from a diversity of sources, such as sooty carbon, oak galls, insects, cuttlefish ink and crustaceans. I create my pen and ink work using a brush and a metal tipped quill pen, which I dip into bottled waterproof ink. Like watercolors, ink pigment produces magical passages when dropped or brushed onto wet paper... rather mesmerizing.